Kungenzeka ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi empilweni yethu yansuku zonke ematasa sizibuze umbuzo ozofika engqondweni yethu kungekudala. "Impilo yami ingaba yini ngaphandle kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekhona namuhla?"
Imvamisa kunzima ngathi ukuthi sime sicabange futhi sizindle ngalezi zinhlobo zokuzindla, ngoba siza emhlabeni lapho izinto esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke zazivele zikhona, ngakho-ke kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi sithathe zonke izinto kalula. amathuluzi nezinsimbi ezenza izimpilo zethu zibe lula kunakuqala okhokho bethu.
Kodwa-ke, lapho ume ucabange ngakho konke lokho ubuchwepheshe obabungekho eminyakeni embalwa edlule, noma kulezo zinto ezisunguliwe okungenakubakhona ukucabanga ngaphandle kwazo, kungaleso sikhathi lapho singabona izinzuzo ezinkulu esinazo ngezizukulwane ezedlule, izinzuzo esingaziniki ukubaluleka okwanele ngoba zimane ziyizinto esizithatha kalula empilweni yethu ejwayelekile , futhi Lapho okokuqala sibona ukuthi zintula kangakanani, kungenxa yokuthi sizilahlekela kungazelelwe.
Isibonelo, izimo ezinjengokunqanyulwa kwamandla, ukwehluleka kwesiginali yekhebula noma iqiniso lokuthi uphelelwa ugesi kungazelelwe, yizimo esizama nje ukuzigwema ngazo zonke izindlela, ngoba asisakwazi ukucabanga impilo ngaphandle kwakho konke lokho kududuza, kepha lapho isimo esingazelelwe sokuphelelwa ugesi noma amanzi ashisayo kwenzeka, kusikhumbuza lokho siphila enkathini yokuchuma abantu bezizukulwane ezimbalwa ezedlule ababengenayo.
Ukuba khona kwe-intanethi ezimpilweni zethu
Ngokuqondile enye yezinto ezisungulwe ngokweqile abantu abaningi abazithatha kalula kulezi zinsuku, okuwukuthi, kugxile kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi umuntu ucabanga ukuthi ngabe bekulokhu kukhona, kuyi-inthanethi, okuthi ingxenye enkulu yabasebenzisi bayo isibe cishe isengezo esisodwa somzimba womuntu.
Futhi yilokho i-intanethi iguqule izimpilo zethu kakhulu ukuthi lapho sima sicabange ngemvelaphi yalo, kuba nzima ngathi ukubona ukuthi iningi lethu elisebenzisa leli thuluzi elihle, siyisizukulwane sokuqala sabasebenzisi abalibonile lifika, okungukuthi, kwabaningi bethu , Besingazi ngisho ne-intanethi ebuntwaneni bethu obukude kakhulu, ngoba yize iningi lentsha namuhla likhule lisetshenziswa leli thuluzi namakhompyutha ezimpilweni zalo.
Abanye abaningi bakubonile lokhu kufika ubusha obusha lapho besivele sineminyaka ethile sisebenzisa izindlela zakudala zokucwaninga ukuthola izabelo zesonto, njenge-monograph esetshenziswe kakhulu ukwenza izifinyezo abasibuze zona esikoleni.
Namuhla, leyo nto ayisuseyona inkinga ezinganeni zanamuhla, ngoba sezinakho okukhulu ezinakho Wikipedia. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abadala abaningi bamanje, izinto bezingahlali zilula njalo, ngoba uma sinaka ukuthi i- Iwebhu yomhlaba jikelele wazalwa ngo-1991, okungukuthi, cishe eminyakeni engama-27 edlule, lokho kusho ukuthi bonke abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 yokuphila, bebengayazi i-inthanethi eminyakeni eyishumi yabo yokuqala futhi mhlawumbe ingekho nakulandelayo, ngoba lapho i-inthanethi wazalwa, kusathatha iminyaka embalwa ukuthi ibe yinethiwekhi enkulu yomhlaba wonke esiyaziyo namuhla futhi esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu yezemfundo, yobungcweti futhi njengengxenye yokuzilibazisa kwethu kwansuku zonke.
I-Intanethi inendawo evikelekile kuzo zonke izici zobukhona bethu, kepha asikaze sicabange ukuthi sizophila kanjani uma singalahlekelwa yileli thuluzi, cishe iminyaka engama-27 ubudala, ngokuzumayo. Kungakho manje sizobuyekeza kafushane i- Umlando we-Intanethi nentuthuko eyethule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqonda imiphumela eye yaba nayo kithina nokubonisa ukuthi lokhu kusungulwa kube okungaphezu kwamandla omhlaba kanjani, njengoguquko lwezobuchwepheshe namasiko emlandweni wempucuko yabantu.
Izimpande ze-intanethi
Kulokhu okukhulunywe ngenhla, impela abaningi bazocabanga ukuthi i-intanethi ayiphumanga ndawo eminyakeni engama-27 edlule, ngo-1991. Kodwa-ke, lolu suku luhambisana kuphela nokuzalwa Iwebhu yomhlaba jikelele, esingayiqonda njengohlaka oluyisisekelo okwakhiwa ngalo leli thuluzi lokuxhumana lomhlaba jikelele.
Uma sifuna ukubuyela emuva kufayela le- umlando wangempela okushiye izisekelo zentuthuko ye-intanethi, lapho-ke kufanele siqhubeke kakhulu emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Le yindlela esingakubona ngayo lokho izifundo zokuqala ezaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-intanethi, Baqala ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, ngenxa yokuncintisana okunamandla nokuphikisana okwenzeka maqondana neMpi Yomshoshaphansi, phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu yase-United States neSoviet Union.
Ngamafuphi I-intanethi ingumphumela wephrojekthi yezempi, kusukela izinyathelo zayo zokuqala zasungulwa ngawo-60., ngenxa yesidingo se-United States sokwakha inethiwekhi yolwazi yezempi kuphela, engavumela, uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa okucatshangwayo kwaseRussia, ukufinyelela kulwazi oludingekayo ukuphendula ekuhlaselweni kusuka kunoma yikuphi ezweni.
Kwakunjena, njengakamuva ukuthuthuka okuningi nokuguqulwa kulokhu, weza emhlabeni, ngo-1969, inethiwekhi eyaziwa njenge I-ARPANET, uhlelo olwalunama-computer amane kuphela atholakala emanyuvesi ahlukene ezweni lonke. Ukuphumelela kwalolu hlelo kwakukukhulu kangangokuba eminyakeni emibili nje kamuva, kwase kunama-computer angama-40 ayexhumene, abelana ngolwazi oluvela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesizwe.
Iphrothokholi ye-TCP: umgogodla wamanethiwekhi wanamuhla ekhompyutha
Kungekudala ngemuva kwe- ukuxhumana kokuqala kwamakhompyutha, ababekwamayunivesithi ahlukene e-United States, kwaqhamuka inqubekelaphambili entsha maqondana nalokhu, okwaba yisisekelo se- ukukhula komchazi kwamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-TCP protocol.
Isivumelwano Sokulawula Ukudluliswa, Isichasiso sayo esiNgisini i-TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) senziwa phakathi kuka-1973 no-1974 ngabaphenyi uVint Cerf noRobert Kahn, futhi ngokuyisisekelo siqukethe inethiwekhi yezokuthutha yokuxhumeka okuningi nokuhamba kwedatha, okungukuthi, ukuthumela nokudlulisa lokhu ngokuphepha.
Ukubaluleka kwalobu buchwepheshe kuxhomeke ekutheni buqhubekile kuze kube namuhla njengoba indlela eyisisekelo yokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwamakhompyutha, kuze kufike ezingeni lapho lobu buciko busekela khona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidume kakhulu kwi-Intanethi, kanye ne- Izivumelwano zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-HTTP, SMT, SSH ne-FTP.
Ngamazwi alula, singasho ukuthi le protocol isebenza njenge- ukwakhiwa kwamakhompiyutha okwenza sikwazi ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ibe inethiwekhi enkulu yolwazi lomhlaba jikelele, okwenza kube umgogodla we-inthanethi.
Ukuzalwa kweWWW
Okulandelayo ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okukhulu kwenethiwekhi yekhompyutha yomhlaba izofika eminyakeni eminingana kamuva, kuze kube ngu-1983, lapho uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States uthathe isinqumo sokushintshela ekusetshenzisweni kwe- Iphrothokholi ye-TCP / IP kunethiwekhi yayo ebizwa nge-Arpanet, ukudala umphumela inethiwekhi entsha ebizwa ngokuthi Inethiwekhi ye-Arpa Internet, ukuthi eminyakeni edlule bekuzokwaziwa kuphela ngokuthi "i-Intanethi".
Ngo-1985, lobu bekungubuchwepheshe obusha obusungulwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni wamakhompyutha, yize kwaziwa kuphela ngochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Isinyathelo sokugcina sokuthi i-intanethi ekugcineni iqale ukufinyelela emakhaya ezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele kungaba yile ukwenziwa kweWebhu Ebanzi Yomhlaba Wonke, okwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhashana.
Ngo-1990, uTim Berners we-European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) wahola ucwaningo nge uhlelo oluvumela ukugcinwa kwedatha nokubuyisa. Umsebenzi wakhe waba nemiphumela emihle, wakha ngo-1991 i- "World Wide Web" (WWW) esebenzisa izinsimbi ezintathu ezintsha: I-HTML, TPP kanye nohlelo olubizwa nge-Web Browser.
Ngemuva kokuhlola ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yamakhompiyutha, yavulelwa ukusetshenziswa ngumphakathi ngonyaka we-1993, ngenjini yokuqala yokusesha emlandweni, iWandex eyayisebenza njengenkomba yamakhasi e-web, selokhu yadalwa okokuqala, la makhasi angahlelwa futhi ikhonjwe kalula.
Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi uTim Berners uvame ukuhlotshaniswa nobaba weWebhu, umusho ongahle ube nehaba, ngoba ususa isikweletu kuzo zonke izifundo zangaphambilini, ezenziwa ngabaphenyi nososayensi engxenyeni yesibili Ikhulu leminyaka. XX, ngakho-ke uTim Berners angaba namathuluzi amsizile noma abeke isitini sokugcina kufayela le- ukwakhiwa kokugcina kwe-inthanethi.
I-inthanethi namuhla
I-Intanethi kwakungeyona iphrojekthi elula, futhi akuzange kungene ezimpilweni zethu ngobusuku obubodwa, ngoba kusukela ekwakhiweni kwayo kokuqala kuya ekwakhiweni kwayo kokugcina, kwathatha cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka. Ukwazi le datha kusinikeza umhlahlandlela wokuzibophezela ngokwengeziwe ngesinye sezipho ezinkulu kakhulu ukuhlakanipha komuntu okusinikeze kona. Kukithi ukuthi sisebenzise ngokunenzuzo le nkemba esika nhlangothi zombili ukuyenza enye insiza yomsebenzi wethu nentuthuko hhayi nje ithuluzi lokuzilibazisa elilula.