Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva evela eBhange LaseSpain, ngokuhlukahluka okungu-7,38% esiwombeni sesibili kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2019, amakhadi esikweletu akhombisa ukwanda okubonakala kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa namakhadi asebhange, okuthi kukhuphuke ngo-5,35%. Umkhuba ozoqhubeka kulo nyaka okhona, ohambisana nokuhweba nge-elekthronikhi, imithombo yezindaba enhlobonhlobo enekhadi njengesisekelo, ezokuphepha kanye nomncintiswano owandayo, kusho ochwepheshe.
Akekho ongabazayo ukuthi leli thuluzi lokukhokha seliphenduke isikhali esinamandla lapho abantu bengathenga khona esitolo noma ukuhweba online. Ngokwalo mbono, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi lawa ma-plastiki anconywa kakhulu ukuthi kufanele akhokhe izinkokhelo ekuthengeni ezitolo noma ezentengiselwano online. Ukuze amakhasimende akwazi ukukhetha le nketho.
Kunamakhadi amaningi angavunyelwa lolu hlobo lokusebenza, kusuka kokunye okusha kuya kwabanye okuvamile noma kwendabuko. Lapho noma iyiphi ipulasitiki ingasebenza ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo kuyadingeka kakhulu kwimidiya yedijithali njengamanje. Ngaphansi kwale ndlela sizonikeza amanye amakhadi wesikweletu noma asebhange angasetshenziswa kakhulu, noma okungenani abe wusizo, emkhakheni wezentengiselwano kagesi.
Izici zala mapulasitiki
Umnikelo omkhulu walolu hlelo ukuthi luvumela abanikazi balo ukuthi bakuhlehlise ukukhokhwa kwezabo ukuthenga ezinyangeni eziyi-6 noma eziyi-12, ezikhathini eziningi ngaphandle kwemali ekhokhwayo yenzalo, yize ezinyangeni ezedlule kuvele amakhadi anolaka ngokwenzuzo yawo evumela ukuba nezikweletu zangeviki noma zenyanga ukubhekana nezindleko ezingalindelekile. Yize bekhululekile phakathi nonyaka wokuqala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma izindleko ziphakama, imali ephakeme okumele ikhokhwe izokhishwa kuzo zonke izikhathi ezibekiwe kwinkontileka yabo, ezingakhuphula izinga lezikweletu zabanikazi babo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifomula enobuhlakani obukhulu lawa makhadi ayisebenzisayo ifomathi "yezinga eliphansi", lapho inani lenyanga elizokhokhwa linganqunywa kungakhathalekile ukuthengwa okwenziwe futhi, ngokuvamile okulungiswa kusuka kuma-euro angama-30, umsebenzisi azi ngaso sonke isikhathi inani elizokhokhwa njalo ngenyanga.
Ngefomethi yesilinganiso esiphansi
Okuhlukile ngokwenyuka kwemali yokunikezwa amabhange namabhange okonga abekade emaketha eminyakeni yamuva ngamakhadi anezinga “eliphansi” elihlanganisiwe ukuhlangabezana nezindleko zanyanga zonke zabaninizo. Lesi similo siseqenjini lamakhadi abizwa nge- “ukuvukela”Futhi, ezibonakala ngezindlela zabo zokukhokha ezihlehlisiwe. Ngabo ungakwazi setha inani lenyanga okumele likhokhwe kungakhathalekile ukuthi kuthengwe ini. Leli khadi lihlukile kumakhadi wesikweletu akudala ngendlela yokukhokha ngoba likhokhwa ngemali ekhokhwayo, inani layo elisethwe kusuka kuma-euro angama-30 ngenyanga kuya ngesikweletu osinikiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye zazo ungaba nesikweletu unomphela futhi ngokushesha. Lokhu kuveza ukuthi abaphathi babo banokulawula okungcono ezindlekweni eziphelele, futhi njengoba bekhipha isikweletu, banakho ukuqhubeka nokuthenga kwabo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, icabanga njengesiphazamiso esikhulu isisusa sokusebenzisa imali, ngakho-ke, amathuba amakhulu okungena esikweletini njengoba umsebenzisi ephoqeleka ukusisebenzisa njalo ngenyanga, noma ngabe bengayidingi le sevisi yezezimali.
Amakhadi akhokhelwa kusengaphambili
Lawa makhadi anezimpawu zawo zobunikazi ezibahlukanisa nabanye, zombili ngenxa yezici zabo nezinzuzo zabo kubanikazi bazo futhi ezifingqiwe ngokuyisisekelo kulezi zici ezilandelayo ezilethwa yile ndlela yokukhokha:
- Isebenza ngendlela yokongezela emholweni wakho, ukuze kuthi lapho inani selisetshenzisiwe laphela, kuzodingeka kwenziwe iminikelo emisha ekhadini ukuze imali itholakale futhi.
- Ukushaja ngakunye kungaphatha izindleko eziphakathi kuka-0,50% no-1,00% kunani elifakiwe, yize amanye amamodeli ekhululiwe kule nkokhelo.
- Zisetshenziselwa ukuthenga ezitolo noma ku-inthanethi, futhi nokukhipha imali kuma-ATM, kuze kufike kumkhawulo obekwe yikhadi ngalinye (phakathi kwama-500 no-1.500 euros ngosuku).
- Banikeza abanikazi babo umshuwalense mahhala, ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe: izingozi, usizo lwezokuvakasha, ukuvikelwa ekusetshenzisweni komgunyathi ...
- Imvamisa imahhala phakathi nonyaka wokuqala nasekuvuseleleni, yize ezinye iziphakamiso zingakhokhisa phakathi kwama-euro ama-3 nama-20 ngale mibono.
- Imvamisa kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ikhadi ne-akhawunti yebhizinisi ukuze ujabulele izinzuzo zalo bese uqala ukulisebenzisa.
- Zingasetshenziswa njengesipho sozakwenu noma izingane ezincane, noma njengesipho somshado noma ukuhalalisela othandekayo ngosuku lokuzalwa.
Ngamamodeli angeziwe
Lezi zinzuzo ngesimo sezaphulelo ekuthengweni kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo nazo zingasizakala ngezihlobo zomnikazi wala makhadi ngamakhadi angeziwe. Yimaphi lawo makhadi ongawacela kulabo bantu ofuna babe yibo abanikazi bamakhadi. Lawa makhadi angeziwe azokwabelana nomkhawulo wakho wesikweletu wanyanga zonke futhi ukuthenga abakwenzayo kuzoboniswa kanye nokwakho esitatimendeni sakho sanyanga zonke.
Kepha kuzodingeka ukuthi kucatshangwe ukuthi kuzocatshangelwa inkokhelo eyengeziwe yokutholwa nokugcinwa kwayo, okungaxakeki phakathi kwama-15 no-40 ama-euro cishe unyaka, yize kwezinye izipesheli lezi zindleko zikhululwa ekukhokheni futhi zizomela inzuzo encane kulabo abazuzayo. Lesi senzo kuhloswe ngaso ukuthi abashade nabo, izingane noma abazali nabo bazuze kulezi ziphulelo ekuthengeni kwabo nokuthi ezinye izinhlangano zezezimali zisebenza kumamodeli wabo wekhadi lesikweletu. Kungaba enye imodeli ethokozisayo yokonga imali phakathi komndeni ngekhadi elifanayo.
Iningi lokunikezwa kwalezi zindlela zokukhokha livela emkhakheni wezokuvakasha (ezokuvakasha, amahhotela, ezokuthutha, izindawo zokudlela, njll.), Kodwa ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ezinye izinketho ezingaba wusizo olukhulu kubasebenzisi bayo futhi, kusukela ekugcwalisweni kabusha kukaphethiloli kuya ekuthengeni izitolo, ngaphandle kokushoda ngamathuba okuthola forfaits ngezaphulelo ngesikhathi seqhwa noma ukuya emijahweni eyinhloko yeFomula 1 ngentengo engcono, baze bathole namaphakeji asemthethweni mahhala wabaphethe njengesiphakamiso sokwamukela amamodeli wabo wamakhadi.
Izinketho ezezimali
Ezinye izikhungo zezezimali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikhetha ukunikeza amakhasimende azo isigaba samakhadi ahlinzeka ngezimali ezibanzi kakhulu ngokususelwa ekukhuliseni inani eliphansi njengoba imigomo iba mide. Inzuzo yayo enkulu ukuthi ubude besikhathi bude, kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-90 kuya kwezingama-800, kodwa ngokushintshanisa ukwenza iklayenti libe nezindleko ezingaguquki phakathi nesikhathi sezimali.
Ngale ndlela, ngezinsuku ezingama-30, 60 noma ezingama-90, inani eliphansi kumele libe ngama-euro angama-90, ukuze likhuphuke ngokuqhubekayo lize lifinyelele emazingeni aphezulu okufunwa, okuthi ngonyaka kube ngamanani amakhulu kunama-euro angama-350 kanye nezinsuku ezingama-730 ubuningi ukukhuphuka cishe kwama-euro angama-800. Kuwo wonke amacala okukhulunywa ngawo kulokhu kuhlehliswa, ababhalisile ngeke bakhokhe inzalo, njengakwezinye izinhlobo zamakhadi anezimpawu ezifanayo nezinzuzo ezifanayo.
Amakhadi okuthembeka
Ngabo ungathenga kwakho ngokunciphisa amanani abo aphakathi kuka-3% no-5%, nakwamanye amamodeli wamakhadi nangaphandle kwawo, yize amabhonasi athambile, engekho ngaphezu kwe-1%, ngaphakathi kwecebo lezentengiselwano lapho lokhu konga kunikezwa kuqala ukuze kushintshwe ikhasimende ngokusondelana kakhulu nebhizinisi lakho noma ukusungulwa kwakho.
Banikela ngezimali zokuthenga, yize kunezintshisekelo eziphakeme kakhulu, ezisungulwa phakathi kuka-18% kanye no-25% futhi, ngesikhathi esifushane sokukhokha, phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka emi-6 kakhulu futhi, kulokho okungangeza inzalo yokukhokha sekwedlule isikhathi finyelela cishe ku-3% noma ku-2%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, babonakala ngaphezu kwakho konke ngoba abanakho ukufana ngokuya nge-quota yabo ngonyaka wokuqala nokuvuselelwa okulandelayo, ngoba kwezinye izimo bakhululekile ngokuphelele kanti kwezinye izimo isilinganiso esivela ku-5 kuye ku ama-euro angama-10.
Ngenkathi ekugcineni kungamamodeli ahlukaniswe namanye amafomethi ngoba ukuqashwa kwabo kumahhala ngonyaka wokuqala, nokuthi kwezinye iziphakamiso kufinyelela nakwisikhathi sabo sonke. Futhi njengoba bafake insizakalo yezaziso nge-SMS yazo zonke izinkokhelo ezenziwe ngamakhadi abo ngemali enkulu. Njengenye yezimpawu zayo eziyinhloko. Ngabo ungakwazi setha inani lenyanga okumele likhokhwe kungakhathalekile ukuthi kuthengwe ini. Leli khadi lihlukile kumakhadi wesikweletu akudala ngendlela yokukhokha ngoba likhokhwa ngemali ekhokhwayo, inani layo elisethwe kusuka kuma-euro angama-30 ngenyanga kuya ngesikweletu osinikiwe.