Uma une-eCommerce, noma isitolo esingokwenyama, uyazi ukuthi esinye sezidingo zokuqala ozoba naso ukwenza ukulawulwa kwesitoko, okungukuthi, kuzo zonke izinto (ezomuntu, ezomzimba ...) inkampani enazo .
Uma ungazi kuyini ukuphathwa kwempahla, noma ukubaluleka enakho emsebenzini omuhle wenkampani, kufanele ufunde lolu lwazi lapho uzothola khona impendulo kukho konke ukungabaza okuphakanyisiwe.
Kuyini ukuphathwa kwempahla
IRAE (Royal Spanish Academy) ichaza igama elithi stock (English) ngokuthi "okuthengiswayo" futhi ilixhumanisa nezinkampani ngokwazi ukuthi ziyizimpahla ezihloselwe ukuthengiswa futhi ezigcinwa endaweni yokugcina izimpahla noma esitolo.
Ngakho-ke, singachaza ukuphathwa kwempahla njenge lelo thuluzi elivumela ukulawula ukuthengwa okunenkampani ukwandisa imiphumela ngokukhipha leyo mikhiqizo ukuze abanye bangene.
Izinhloso zokuphathwa kwesitoko
Ukuphathwa kwamasheya kubaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinemikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene kukhathalogi yazo. Lapho ibhizinisi lingenayo imikhiqizo, ukuphathwa kulula kakhulu ukulenza. Kepha njengoba leyo khathalogi ikhula, kuya ngokuya kuba nzima. Ngakho-ke, leli thuluzi liyasetshenziswa.
Eqinisweni, phakathi kwezinhloso zayo kukhona Okulandelayo:
- Yiba nokulawula okuthembekile kwesimo sokusungula.
- Nciphisa utshalomali ekuthengisweni okusha okungadingeki.
- Hlela imikhiqizo ukuze wazi isimo salowo nalowo wabo bese uhlela ukuthengwa noma cha kwempahla.
- Gcina irekhodi elingaxhunyaniswa nomnyango wokuthenga ukuze bazi ukuthi yini engathengiswa nengathengiswa.
Izinhlobo zesitoko
Usuvele uyazi ukuthi ukuphathwa kwempahla kusetshenziselwa ini. Okungahle ungakwazi okwamanje ukuthi lokhu kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzokwazi ukulihlola ngokuya ngomsebenzi abanawo; kolunye, ngokwesimo sokunquma (isibonelo, ukuthi ngandlela thile, umndeni othize, njll.).
Isitokwe sihlukaniswa kanjani ngokomsebenzi waso
Uma sibheka umsebenzi leyo mikhiqizo abanayo ezoba nayo, isitoko kufanele sihlukaniswe sibe:
- Isitokwe esincane. Lawa amasheya aphansi owadingayo ukuze ugweme ukuphela kwemikhiqizo edingekayo ukuhlangabezana nokufunwa kwamakhasimende.
- Isitokwe esikhulu. Yisibalo esiphezulu samasheya ongaba nawo womkhiqizo ofanayo ngaphandle kokuwa kwendlu yakho noma ukudala ukulahleka ngoba ngeke ukwazi ukukususa ngesikhathi esithile.
- Isitokwe sokuphepha. Lolu hlobo lokuhlukaniswa luzobandakanya imikhiqizo edinga ukubikezelwa, okungukuthi, kulindeleke ukuthi kube ne-oda eleqile kulo mkhiqizo, noma ukubambezeleka kokuceliwe.
- Insalela yesitoko Yimikhiqizo eqoqiwe futhi manje engathengiswa. Lokhu kuthatha isikhala ngakho-ke kufanele uzame ukukususa, kungaba ngokunikezwa, izaphulelo, njll.
- Isitoko esifile. Yisitoko esaziwa ukuthi asithengiswa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kulokhu, kuvamise ukususwa ukugwema ukuchitha isikhala nemali.
- Umjikelezo, isitokwe sokuqagela nesonyaka. Abaningi bathi kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene, kepha kuya ngenkampani onayo, lezi zintathu zingahlukaniswa zibe munye. Le yimikhiqizo esebenza ukuhlangabezana nokufunwa kwamakhasimende, kungaba ngoba ayifuna ngaleso sikhathi (yomjikelezo), ngoba kulindeleke ukuthi ayifune (yokuqagela) noma ngoba ingeyesizini futhi kunesidingo esikhulu (sesizini) .
Isitoko sihlukaniswa kanjani ngokwesimo sokunquma
Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo ngokuya ngesimo esithile, lokhu kungahlukahluka ngoba ungakwenza ngokususelwa ku:
- La indawo yomkhiqizo, uma kusesitokisini, ku-oda, noma kumisiwe.
- La ukutholakala komkhiqizo, okungukuthi, uma zingathengiswa noma amakhasimende kufanele alinde izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze abe nazo. Kulokhu, ungabheka nokuhleleka okufunwayo lapha.
- La ishalofu impilo yemikhiqizo, Ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka unemikhiqizo ephelelwa yisikhathi futhi kufanele uyilahle ngokushesha okukhulu.
Vele kunemigomo eminingi ekuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo okuhlukile.
Izindleko zokuphathwa kwesitoko
Manje njengoba usunolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokuphathwa kwamasheya, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukuthengwa okugcinwe kulindwe ukuthengiswa akuyona into yamahhala. Iphethe izindleko ezingaba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi ngokuya ngomkhiqizo.
Ngokuvamile zikhona izindleko ezine ezibalulekile ezithintekayo esitokisini senkampani: izindleko ze-oda, ukugcinwa, ukutholwa kanye nekhefu lesitoko.
Izindleko ze-oda yinani elibiza wena uku-oda kumphakeli. Singasho ukuthi kuyinto efana nemali yokubuza lowo muntu, noma ngoba ekuthumelela imikhiqizo oyifunayo. Bese kuzoba nezindleko zokutholwa, okuyilokho okuthengiswayo okukubiza ngakho. Kwezinye izimo, bayayikhipha le mali, ngoba abakwenzayo ukukunika "ukuqasha" leyo mikhiqizo, ngendlela yokuthi uma uyidayisa kamuva, nguwe okufanele ubanikeze isabelo sakho.
Izindleko zesondlo ziphezulu kakhulu, ngoba sikhuluma ngezindleko maqondana nabasebenzi, uhlelo lwekhompyutha, ukugcina, ukwehla ... kwale mikhiqizo. Futhi, ekugcineni, izindleko zokuphela kwesitoko yimali ongalahlekelwa yiyo uma uphelelwa yilowo mkhiqizo futhi ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo.
Izinhlobo zokuphathwa kwamasheya
Njengamanje kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuphathwa kwesitoko. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi bathathu kuphela abaphumelelayo ukugqama njengamanje. Ziyi-Just in time, imodeli kaWilson, kanye nemodeli ye-ABC. Ngamunye wabo unochungechunge lwezici ezibalulekile okufanele wazi ukuze wazi ukuthi ikuphi okukufanele kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanele
Owokuqala wabo, Ngesikhathi esifanele, imodi efunwayo, okungukuthi, lapho othile efuna umkhiqizo, wenziwa futhi uthunyelwe, ngaleyo ndlela Izindleko zokugcina, ukwehla komkhiqizo, izindleko zesondlo ziyagcinwa ...
Isibonelo salolu hlobo lwemodeli yokuphatha ukwenziwa kwezimoto. Yize kunamafemu amaningi anezimoto ezilungele ukuthengiswa, awanayo yonke imibala noma amamodeli, kepha, lapho ethola i-oda, aqala ukuwakha ukuze awuthumele kumthengi.
Izinkampani eziningi ziyayisebenzisa ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningi eye yaqhathanisa nezinye.
UWilson Model
Le modeli isungula izindleko ezi-oda ezihleliwe zabahlinzeki, noma yini eceliwe. Ngale ndlela, uma i-oda likhudlwana, kuzothatha isikhathi eside uku-oda kabusha, ngendlela yokuthi wonge kulezo zindleko. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye kufanele ukwazi lokho okuthengiswayo kuzoshiya ishede ngokushesha okukhulu ukugwema izindleko zesondlo.
Ngakho-ke, kusekelwe ekusunguleni ibhalansi yokwenza ama-oda ambalwa kumphakeli, futhi uthengise umkhiqizo omningi ukuze ungahlali endlini yokugcina impahla.
Imodeli ye-ABC
Imodeli ye-ABC ihlukanisa okuthengiswayo ngezinhlamvu ezintathu: A, kwababalulekile; B, ngenani elidingekayo neliphansi; no-C, ngemikhiqizo eminingi futhi eshibhile kakhulu.
Ngale ndlela, okuza kuqala kunikezwa izimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu, nokuthi zibaluleke kakhulu (i-A) uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye ezingekho kangako. Futhi uma kukhulunywa ngokuphatha isitoko, izindleko eziphakeme zisungulwa kokwedlule uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo ephakathi noma ephansi, ngoba iyona yangaphambili engaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu uma ilahleka.
Isoftware yokuphatha isitoko
Ukuqedela i-athikili yethu, sifuna ukukushiyela okuthile okusebenzayo ukuze, uma unebhizinisi futhi udinga ukulawula ukuphathwa kwesitoko, ungakwenza kalula ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo noma isoftware ongaphatha ngayo isitoko.
Okusetshenziswa kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:
Ukuphathwa kwamasheya nge-SAP
Kuyisoftware yekhompyutha esetshenziswa kabanzi ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini. Ungalawula izinsiza ezingabantu, ezezimali, ezokusebenza, nezokukhiqiza ... yini eyenza leli thuluzi liphelele. Ukuphela kwento okungelula ukuyifunda, okungenani ekuqaleni.
Ukuphathwa kwamasheya nge-Excel
Uhlelo lwe-Excel, kungaba kusuka kuphakheji ye-Microsoft Office noma kolunye lwezinhlelo ezihlukile ezine-spreadsheet, kungenye yezinketho onazo zokuphathwa kwesitoko.
Ngayo ungakwazi lungiselela ama-inventory nemikhiqizo onayo, izici zayo, intengo ... ngendlela yokuthi uhlale wazi ukuthi yini onayo kumzuzu ngamunye.
Izinhlelo zamahhala eziku-inthanethi nezikhokhelwayo
Ekugcineni, unezinhlelo eziku-inthanethi ezikuvumela ukuthi wenze irekhodi lesitoko onaso senkampani yakho futhi ukwazi ukuguqula lapho usidinga. Ngale ndlela, uzoba nayo "efwini" futhi ubungayibona ngesikhathi sangempela ngaso sonke isikhathi.