E-commerce okanye urhwebo lwe-elektroniki ayisiyongcamango ye-monolithic, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo ibonelela ngeentsingiselo ezininzi zokuxhomekeka. Ngokoluvo lweWikipedia yile inkqubo yokuthenga nokuthengisa imveliso kunye neenkonzo ezisebenzisa i-Intanethi njengeyona ndlela yokutshintshiselana. Oko kukuthi, inani lodidi lwezorhwebo luyakhuthazwa apho zombini ingqokelela kunye neentlawulo zilawulwa ngeendlela zombane. Ukuba luphawu lwayo oluphambili nolunceda ukuqonda le ngcinga kwicandelo loshishino.
Ngapha koko, kwaye njengokuba kwelinye icala kusengqiqweni ukuqonda, ishishini ngalinye linodidi lwabathengi elijolise kulo, kwaye ngokusekwe koku sinokwenza uthotho lwamacandelo aya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuqonda injongo yeli nqaku . Oko kukuthi, yintoni urhwebo lwe-elektroniki ngokweprofayile yorhwebo, kwaye yintoni ebonelela ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi.
Ukucacisa le ntsingiselo, kuya kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kungekuphela nje uhlobo lwendima yobungcali. Ukuba akunjalo, kubani ukuthengiswa kweemveliso zakho, iinkonzo okanye izinto. Ke ngale ndlela, sikwimeko engcono yokufikelela ezantsi kulo mbandela, ekuyona nto iphambili kule meko.
Iiklasi zeProfayili yeShishini
Ewe, ezinye zazo ziya kuba ziqheleke kuwe, kodwa ezinye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubungazazi kude kube ngoku. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ngumzuzu wokuphuma ngaphandle kokungathandabuzeki kule nkalo echaphazela kakhulu into ebizwa ngokuba yorhwebo okanye ivenkile ye-intanethi.
B2B (Ishishini-kwishishini): iinkampani ezinabathengi abasiphelo ezinye iinkampani okanye imibutho. Umzekelo unokuba yivenkile yezinto zokwakha ejolise kuyilo lwangaphakathi okanye uyilo.
B2C (Ishishini kuye kuMthengi): iinkampani ezithengisa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi bemveliso okanye inkonzo. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye kukho amawaka emizekelo yeevenkile zefashoni, izihlangu, izinto ze-elektroniki, njl.
I-C2B (Umthengi-ukuya kwiShishini): izibuko apho abathengi bapapasha khona imveliso okanye inkonzo kunye neenkampani zibabizela. Zezona ndawo zivulekileyo zomsebenzi ezizimeleyo ezinjengeFreelancer, iTwago, iNubelo okanye iAdtriboo.
I-C2C (Umthengi ukuya kuMthengi): inkampani eququzelela ukuthengiswa kweemveliso kwabanye abathengi ukuya kwabanye. Owona mzekelo ucacileyo uza kuba yi-eBay, iWallapop okanye nayiphi na enye indawo ekuthengiswa kuyo ngesandla.
Olunye ulwahlulo olunokuba luncedo kakhulu
Ngayiphi na indlela, kukho ezinye iikhonsepthi ezinxulunyaniswa nokuba yintoni urhwebo lwe-elektroniki kwaye kufuneka uyazi ukusukela ngoku. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba baziwa kancinci kwicandelo kwaye ngokusisiseko zezona sizokukuveza apha ngezantsi:
- I-G2C (UGoverment-to-Consumer).
- C2G (Umthengi-kuRhulumente).
- B2E (Ishishini-kuMqeshi).
Into ebonisa ukuba urhwebo lwe-elektroniki luye lude luye kude kumbono wesiko welizwi. Kwaye oko kunokuchaphazela umzuzu wokuzinikezela kwakho kulo msebenzi ukhethekileyo weshishini. Kuba kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo loo ngeniso yokuba i-e-commerce boom inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokukhula kweetekhnoloji ezintsha.
Izibonelelo zokwenza ishishini okanye ivenkile yedijithali
Okokuqala, kuya kufuneka uvavanye ukuba kungale fomathi yeshishini apho uya kuba nakho ukufumana abathengi abaninzi ukusukela ngoku. Kungenxa yokuba unokhetho lokwenyani lokuthenga kunye nokuthengisa naphi na emhlabeni.
Enye into echaza lo mxholo unxulunyaniswa nokungabikho kweeyure kwivenkile yakho kuba iya kuvulwa imini yonke. Ukuze ngale ndlela, umthengi akwazi ukuyithenga xa efuna nangexesha alifunayo.
Elinye lamagalelo akhe axabisekileyo yingxelo esezantsi yalo msebenzi wentengiso kuba kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba ishishini kwezi mpawu alidingi kuxhaswa ngokwasemzimbeni, ezo zona ekugqibeleni zinciphisa iindleko xa kuthelekiswa neshishini lemveli.
Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwenzuzo lelinye ixabiso elongeziweyo kolu hlobo lweshishini kuba unokuba neenzuzo eziphezulu kunakwisiko lemveli. Ayothusi into yokuba yonke into oyithengisayo ingaphezulu kweenkqubo zesiko kwintengiso.
Ukungancedi ekusebenziseni kwayo
Njengoko kusengqiqweni kuzo zonke iintlobo zeshishini kukho uthotho lwezinto eziqwalaselweyo ezingazukuthanda kakhulu kwimidla yakho njengosomashishini kwicandelo. Umzekelo, ezo sizibonisa apha ngezantsi:
Iimveliso azinakubonwa okanye zichukunyiswe ngabathengi okanye ngabasebenzisi kwaye kuyingozi enokuthintela ukusebenza kweshishini kwi-Intanethi kwasekuqaleni. Kuphela yinkcazo eneenkcukacha zemveliso onokulungisa le ngxaki unayo kwivenkile yakho ekwi-intanethi.
Ewe kuyacaca kodwa ukuze uthenge kwaye uthengise kufuneka isixhobo esele senziwe. Okwangoku uninzi lunokuyenza kodwa kumacandelo athile, apho abantu ekujoliswe kubo badala okanye bengaphantsi "kwezobuchwephesha", oku kunokuba yingxaki. Kuya kufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili ukuba ufuna ukuhambisa le nkqubo kunye neziqinisekiso ezininzi zempumelelo.
Xa ishishini elibonakalayo livula iingcango zalo okokuqala, sele lizibhenca kubathengi abadlulayo. Kwishishini elikwi-Intanethi, ukubonakala kunzima ngakumbi kunokuba kuhlala kucingwa. Unokuba nemveliso enkulu kunye neqonga elihle, kodwa ukuba awusebenzeli ukufumana ukubonakala, akukho mntu uya kuze akubone.
Ungathandabuzi ukuba ukusukela ngoku ukhuphiswano olukwicandelo le-Intanethi lusiya lityholwa kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulixabise ukubeka elinye iyeza kwishishini.
Kwakhona ubunzima bezobuchwephesha bunokukwenza udlale iqhinga ngoku. Kule meko, ayinakulityalwa ukuba urhwebo lwe-e lufuna ulwazi oluncinci lobuchwephesha ekungekho wonke umntu analo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqokelele iminikelo esekwe kufundo olukhulu lwendalo.
Ukwanda kwi-eCommerce kunyaka ophelileyo
Ingeniso yorhwebo lwe-elektroniki okanye i-eCommerce eSpain ifikelele kwinani lerekhodi le-2019 yezigidi zeerandi kwikota yesibini ye-11.999, ethi ngama-28,6% ngaphezulu ukuba i-9.333 yezigidi zeerandi eyayingene ngexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, ngokweedatha zamva nje ezinikezelwa yiKhomishini kaZwelonke yeeMarike kunye noKhuphiswano (CNMC). Xa kuthelekiswa nekota edlulileyo, ukuthengiswa kwe-e-commerce kuye kwanda nge-9,4%, ukusukela oko ingeniso yayo phakathi kukaJanuwari noMatshi wonyaka ophelileyo yafikelela kwi-10.969 yezigidi zeerandi.
Ngokwamacandelo, amashishini anengeniso ephezulu ayengama-arhente zokuhamba kunye nabaqhubi bezokhenketho, nge-16% yentlawulo epheleleyo; uthutho lomoya, nge-8,8%; iihotele kunye nendawo yokuhlala efanayo, nge-5,8%, kunye nempahla, nge-5,6%. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, inani leetransekshini ezibhalisiweyo kwikota yesibini ye-2019 ifikelele kwi-211,3 yezigidi zentengiselwano, emele ukunyuka kwama-32,7% xa kuthelekiswa nezigidi ezili-159,2 kwangexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Kule meko, ukuthuthwa kwabantu abakhweli kunye nokungcakaza nokubheja kukhokelela kwinqanaba ngokuthengisa, nge-7,5% kunye ne-5,9% yetotali, ngokulandelelana. Oku kulandelwa kukuthengiswa kweerekhodi, iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye nezinto zokubhala nge-5,8% kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nezothutho nge-5,1%. Ngokumalunga nokwahlulwa komhlaba, amaphepha e-commerce e-Spain eSpain aqokelele i-53,4% yengeniso kwikota yesibini ye-2019, apho i-21,8% ivela phesheya, ngelixa i-46,6% eseleyo ihambelana nokuthengwa okuvela eSpain kwiiwebhusayithi zaphesheya. Ngenani lokuthengiselana, i-42,1% yentengiso ibhalisiwe kwiiwebhusayithi zaseSpain, apho i-9,3% ivela ngaphandle kwelizwe, ngelixa enye i-57,9% yenzekile kwiiwebhusayithi zangaphandle.
Yandisa kwi-eCommerce: ukuya kwi-EU nase-United States
Ngokufanayo, idatha ye-CNMC ibandakanya ntoni 95,2% yokuthenga eSpain phesheya ijolise kwi-European Union, ilandelwa yi-United States (i-2,1%), izithuthi zomoya (i-11,6%), iihotele kunye nendawo yokuhlala efanayo kunye neempahla (7,4% kuzo zombini iimeko) awona macandelo afunwa kakhulu. Kwimeko yokuthengwa okwenziwe eSpain okuvela phesheya, i-64,0% ivela kwi-EU. Iindawo zomsebenzi ezinxulumene necandelo lezokhenketho (apho amaqela enza iiarhente zohambo, ezothutho lomoya, ezothutho lomhlaba, eziqeshisa ngemoto kunye neehotele) zenza i-66,8% yentengo.
Kwelinye icala, ingeniso ye-e-yorhwebo ngaphakathi eSpain inyuke nge-22,3% ngonyaka-ngonyaka kunyaka ophakathi kuka-Epreli noJuni, ukuya kwi-3.791 yezigidi zeerandi. Icandelo lezokhenketho lenza i-27,8% yengeniso ngaphakathi eSpain, ilandelwa luLawulo lukaRhulumente, irhafu kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo (6,5%).