Isicwangciso esiliqili esilungiselelwe nawuphi na usomashishini okanye ingcali kwaye, ngakumbi, iinkampani ezincinci neziphakathi ezinokuthi, ngale fomyula, zinciphise umthwalo Inkcitho yezi nkampani ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili. Kwaye siza kukubonelela ngezinye izimvo ukuze ukwazi ukuziphumeza ngempumelelo kule mizuzu apho ubuphila kule mihla.
Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho ndlela yomlingo yokunciphisa inkcitho yerhafu, kodwa "ubuqhetseba" obuncinci bunokusetyenziselwa ukunqanda ukuhlawula irhafu yangoku, kwaye ngale ndlela enye yezona mveliso ziluncedo kakhulu yimali Utyalo-mali, oluvumela ukudluliselwa phakathi kwabo ngaphandle kokufaka nayiphi na irhafu yokubamba, ukuze kamva ubathengise xa kuqala ukuphumla kwirhafu yabo.
Ekupheleni kosuku, malunga nokuba ungazigcina zonke iindleko zakho kwivenkile okanye kwintengiso ye-Intanethi. Ukuze kwimizuzu yokuqala onayo jongana nezona mfuno zisisiseko ukukhuthaza lo mgca okhethekileyo woshishino. Into ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyi kuba lula kwaphela, kodwa ngonyamezelo oluncinci kunye noqeqesho uya kuthi ekugqibeleni ufikelele kwinjongo yakho oyifunayo.
Ukonga irhafu kutyalo-mali
Esinye sezikhalazo eziphambili zabasindisi abancinci nabaphakathi malunga neemveliso zotyalo-mali abaziqeshileyo yimali egqithileyo ekufuneka beyichithile ukuthobela unyango lwabo lwangoku, olubekwe ngoku kwi-21%, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba kwi-100 yeerandi nganye iimveliso zabo, UNondyebo uthatha i-euro ezingama-21. Akukho iresiphi yomlingo yokunciphisa ezi ndleko, icacile ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ukuba unokufaka "amaqhinga" amancinci ukunqanda ukuhlawula irhafu yangoku.
Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga enye yezona mveliso ziluncedo kakhulu kubanini bayo, ezinje ngemali yotyalo-mali, inokwenzeka, nakweyiphi na eyahlukileyo (umvuzo ohleliyo, ukwahluka, ukuxubana, imali ...), kuba zivumela ukuhanjiswa phakathi ngaphandle kokufaka nayiphi na ukugcinwa kwemali (0%), okoko nje begcina imali yabo kutyalo-mali kwenye ingxowa-mali ngokwenza umsebenzi wokudlulisa. Kodwa ulumke kakhulu ngokusesikweni naluphi na uhlobo lokuthengisa kunye nabo (nokuba luyinxalenye okanye luphelele) kuba kule meko bayakusetyenziswa kubo ngexesha lokugqitywa komsebenzi.
Ngeemali zotyalo mali
Ukusuka kule ndawo, kukhethwa ukuhlala kwiingxowa-mali zotyalo-mali kunokuba uvale izikhundla zabo (uzithengise) kwaye ngokungathi yiakhawunti yokonga, ulinde ibhalansi yabo ukuba inyuke njengoko iintsuku zihamba. Ngokuchasene noko, esi sicwangciso siluncedo sababhalisi asisebenzi kwenye iimveliso zokonga kunye notyalo-mali (idiphozithi, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki, imarike yemasheya, mvume…) Oko akuvumeli utshintsho oluthe ngqo kolunye uhlobo lwemveliso enye ngaphandle kokuba le rhafu isetyenziswe kubo. Nokuba zithengiswa ngesaphulelo seerhafu ezihambelanayo okanye, xa zifikelela ekuvuthweni kuxa ukusebenza okufanayo kusesikweni, kwaye ngaphandle kokufumana ithuba lokufumana isibonelelo serhafu.
Ezi mali zivumela abathengi ukuba basebenzise ithuba lokukhula elinikezelwa ziimarike zesitokhwe okwangoku, ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni iiasethi zabo, bekwazi kwiimeko ezininzi ukufumana uhlaziyo kukhetho olubanzi lweemveliso ezisekwe kuyo nayiphi na intengiso yezabelo., Kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. kwaye, apho ezo zisakhasayo zivelele ubutsha bazo.
Ezinye iindlela zokukhetha ingxowa-mali yezi mpawu zibanzi kakhulu, ukusuka kwezo zisekwe kwiimarike ezisakhasayo ukuya kwezo zisisiseko sotyalo-mali lwabo kwezona ntengiso zicetyiswayo zamanye amazwe umzuzu ngamnye njengoMntla Melika, iYurophu okanye iJapan, ngokulandelelana kokuya kwilizwe uphawu. Bangabhaliswa ukusuka kwi-euro ezingama-100, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo yile-ngokungafaniyo notyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo kwintengiso yesitokhwe- banesiphelo esona sithuba sisisigxina esinokuphakanyiselwa kwiminyaka emi-5 okanye esi-7, ngenxa yoko Kumgangatho wotyalo-mali ojolise kwixesha eliphakathi nelide.
Amaqhinga okuphucula irhafu
Kucacile ukuba unyango lwerhafu lweemveliso zemali lolona lukhoyo ngoku kwaye alunakuguqulwa kude kutshintshwe imigaqo, kodwa "ngamaqhinga" amancinci singalutshintsha olu hlobo, nangona kuphela kwiimveliso ezithile hayi zonke, njengoko ubona.
Kwingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali ungazigcina izabelo okanye udlulisele kwezinye iimali (nokuba zisuka kubaphathi abohlukeneyo) ukulinda ukuba irhafu yeemveliso yehliswe. Ngoku ngoku, amazwi amaninzi odumo lobungcali ayavela apho oku ukuhla kweerhafu, ekunokwenzeka ukuba ifikelele kwi-18%, njengoko ibisekiwe ngaphambili. Ewe, ukuba imali etyalwe kwiimali zotyalo-mali igcinwe kude kube lelo xesha, abasebenzisi banokugcina iipesenti ezi-3 kwiirhafu.
Ngokubhekisele kwezinye iimveliso, zombini ingeniso esisigxina kunye neguquguqukayo, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuzisa esi sicwangciso siphumelele, ukuba asikho ncam. Ngayiphi na imeko, iya kubandakanya ukubhalisela imali kwixesha eliphakathi okanye elide, phakathi kweminyaka engama-2 ukuya kwengama-5, silinde ukuba irhafu ekudala ilindelwe iza. Kukwenzeka okufanayo kumanqaku esithembiso ebhanki okanye ezinye iimveliso ezifanayo (ukunikwa ikhontrakthi iminyaka eliqela), ngelixa kwii-equities le njongo inokwenzeka nangokukwabela utyalomali lwethu kwixesha elide, okanye ngokuchanekileyo xa ukuphumla kwemali kusenzeka.
Irhafu kulondolozo
Ukuzuza imbuyekezo ngezahlulelo kwaye oko kuyakuba luncedo ngakumbi kumbono werhafu kubasebenzisi kunakwimizekelo yotyalo mali. Kuba, nangona bephantsi kwe-21% yokubamba irhafu, ukukhululwa kwirhafu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.500 yeeros ngonyaka kusekwe, kuseti lwesahlulo okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinzuzo efunyenwe ngonyaka. Nangona ezi meko zilandelayo zisenzeka: ukuba izabelo ezifumanekayo kwizabelo zibanjiwe kwipotfoliyo ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezimbini phambi kokuqokelelwa okanye ukuba zibanjwe ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezimbini emva koqokelelo. Kule nto kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba okwangoku ii-equities zaseSpain zivelisa isivuno sezahlulo se phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-8%, nangakumbi ziinkampani zesisa kwisalathiso sesitokhwe.
Ukuqesha isicwangciso sepenshini kukwavelisa izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zerhafu. Ewe, igalelo kwezi mveliso linika ilungelo lokuncitshiswa kwesiseko serhafu Irhafu yengeniso yomntu, Ukuvumela abanini bayo ukuba bayirhoxise irhafu kwaye bafumane imali eyongiweyo. Yonke imirhumo eyenziwa ngumthathi-nxaxheba apha enyakeni iya kuncitshiswa kwisiseko serhafu yengeniso, kunye nezona zininzi zimiselwe ngumthetho.
Iiakhawunti zenzuzo ephezulu
Iibhanki kunye neebhanki zokonga zisungula ezinye iintlobo zeeakhawunti ezinikezela ngemivuzo ephezulu kubaxumi bayo, nangona ngenxa yokwehla kwenqanaba lenzala, ezi zizinto ezinqabileyo apho ngaphaya kwe-2% kwaye, apho uninzi lwezicwangciso-qhinga zokuzithengisa zilele ekunikezeleni ngenzuzo yazo esekwe kwiitreyini, ukuze kuvuzwe ezona zixa zininzi zifakwe.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zolu hlobo lweemveliso kukuba azibandakanyi ukubhatala okanye intlawulo yolawulo kwaye zikhatshwa zezinye iinkonzo zasimahla kubaninizo ezifana nokutsalwa ngqo kwetyala okanye ukufumana amakhadi simahla.
Ngenxa yokwehla kwamanani enzala kutsha nje kunye nokuqhubekekayo, uninzi lwamaqumrhu akhethe ukulibala malunga namaxabiso amiselweyo kwaye anikezela ngolu hlobo lweeakhawunti ekubhekiswe kuzo kwi-Euribor, ngelixa kwezinye iimeko bezisusile ngqo kwisibonelelo sabo sebhanki.
Ukwehla kwamazinga kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo kuyekise umtsalane kolu hlobo lwemveliso, olunokuthi ngamanye amaxesha lubonelele abanini bazo ngembuyekezo nangaphezulu kwe-4%, kunye ne-6% kwezinye zentengiso ezaziwayo, ngeli xesha kunqabile ukuba zidlule kwi-2%. Ngenxa yoku, amaziko azithengisayo azihombisa ngothotho lweenkonzo ezinokuthi zisebenze njenge ibango lokuqesha. Ukufumana amakhadi asimahla okanye ukukwazi ukwenza amatyala ngqo ngamanye ala mabango.
Kuzo zombini iimeko, ezi akhawunti zinika inzala ephezulu kunee-akhawunti zokujonga ngokwesiko, kwiimeko ezilungileyo ezingagqithiyo kwi-1%. Ukwehla komgangatho wenzala kukwachaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwezi mveliso. Amanye amaziko ayeke ngokuthe ngqo ukuba nawo kwizibonelelo zabo zebhanki, ngelixa abanye belibala malunga namaxabiso amiselweyo kwaye bakhetha ukubhekisa kubo kwi-Euribor, isalathiso ekubhekiswa kuso ngaphezu kwe-90% yemali mboleko. Kule nto kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba okwangoku ii-equities zaseSpain zivelisa isivuno sezahlulo se phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-8%, nangakumbi ziinkampani zesisa kwisalathiso sesitokhwe.