Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngaxa lithile kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla obuxakekileyo siya kuthi sizibuze umbuzo kungekudala oza kuthi gqi engqondweni. "Bungaba yintoni ubomi bam ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha ezikhoyo namhlanje?"
Kuhlala kunzima kuthi ukuba siyeke ukucinga size sicamngce ngezi ntlobo zokubonisa, kuba siza kwihlabathi apho izinto esizisebenzisa mihla le bezivele zikhona, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba sithathe zonke izinto inikwe. izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezenza ubomi bethu bube lula kunokuba kwakunjalo kookhokho bethu.
Nangona kunjalo, xa uyeka ukucinga ngayo yonke loo nto Itekhnoloji ebingakho kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, okanye kwezo zinto zingenakucingwa ngaphandle kobukho, kuxa singaqonda izibonelelo ezinkulu esinazo kwizizukulwana ezidlulileyo, izibonelelo esingaziniki ukubaluleka ngokwaneleyo kuba zizinto nje esizithatha njengezingabalulekanga kubomi bethu obuqhelekileyo , kwaye Xa okokuqala sisiqonda ukuba zisilela kangakanani, kungenxa yokuba siphulukana nazo ngequbuliso.
Umzekelo, iimeko ezinje ngokunqunyulwa kombane, ukusilela kumqondiso wentambo okanye inyani yokuphelelwa yirhasi ngesiquphe, yimeko esizama ukuyiphepha ngazo zonke iindleko, kuba asisakwazi ukucinga ngobomi ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezo ntuthuzelo, Kodwa xa imeko yequbuliso yokuphela kombane okanye amanzi ashushu esenzeka, isikhumbuza loo nto siphila kwixesha lenkqubela abantu bezizukulwana nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo babengenayo.
Ubukho be-intanethi ebomini bethu
Ngokuchanekileyo enye yezona zixhobo eziguqukayo abantu abaninzi bayithatha kancinci kule mihla, oko kukuthi, ukuba yendele kubomi bethu kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha umntu ucinga ukuba ibiya kuhlala ikhona, yi-intanethi, ethi inxalenye enkulu yabasebenzisi bayo iphantse ibe sisihlomelo somzimba womntu.
Kwaye oko i-intanethi iguqule ubomi bethu kakhulu Xa simisa sicinga ngemvelaphi, kuya kuba nzima kuthi ukuba siqonde ukuba uninzi lwethu olusebenzisa esi sixhobo simangalisayo sisisizukulwana sokuqala sabasebenzisi abasibonileyo sifika, oko kukuthi, uninzi lwethu , Besingazi nokwazi nge-intanethi kubantwana bethu abakude kakhulu, kuba nangona uninzi lwabantu abatsha namhlanje lukhule lusetyenziswa esi sixhobo kunye neekhompyuter kubomi babo.
Abanye abaninzi bakubonile oku kufika Ubugcisa obutsha xa besineminyaka ethile sisebenzisa iindlela zakudala zophando ukufumana izabelo zeveki, ezinje ngemonograph esetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza isishwankathelo abasibuzileyo esikolweni.
Namhlanje, ayiseyongxaki kubantwana banamhlanje, kuba sele benazo ezinkulu Wikipedia. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abadala abaninzi ngoku, izinto bezingasoloko zilula, kuba ukuba sithathela ingqalelo into yokuba Iwebhu yelizwe jikelele Wazalwa ngo-1991, oko kukuthi, malunga neminyaka engama-27 edlulileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba bonke abantu abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwama-40 yobomi, bebengayazi i-intanethi kwishumi labo lokuqala kwaye mhlawumbi ingekho kule izayo, kuba xa i-intanethi wazalwa, Kusathatha iminyaka embalwa ukuba ibe yinethiwekhi enkulu yehlabathi esiyaziyo namhlanje kwaye siyisebenzise yonke imihla, njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimfundo yethu, kubomi bobuchwephesha kwaye nanjengenxalenye yokuzihlaziya kwethu kwemihla ngemihla.
I-Intanethi inendawo ekhuselekileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobukho bethu, kodwa asinakucinga ngendlela esiya kuphila ngayo ukuba siphulukene nesi sixhobo, sineminyaka engama-27 ubudala, ngesiquphe. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngoku siza kuqwalasela ngokufutshane ingxelo ye Imbali ye-Intanethi kunye nophuhliso oluthe lwaboniswa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuqonda iimpembelelo ebenazo kuthi kunye nokubonisa ukuba oku kugqithisileyo kubeyintoni na, njengenguquko kwezobugcisa nenkcubeko kwimbali yempucuko yabantu.
Iingcambu ze-intanethi
Ukusuka koku kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngokuqinisekileyo abaninzi baya kucinga ukuba i-intanethi yaphuma ngaphandle kweminyaka engama-27 eyadlulayo, ngo-1991. Nangona kunjalo, lo mhla uhambelana kuphela nokuzalwa komhla Iwebhu yelizwe jikelele, esinokuthi siyiqonde njengesiseko esisisiseko esenziwe kuso esi sixhobo sonxibelelwano sehlabathi.
Ukuba sifuna ukubuyela kwi imvelaphi eyimbali ezishiye iziseko zophuhliso lwe-intanethi, emva koko kufuneka siye phambili kakhulu kwimbali yetekhnoloji yolwazi. Le yindlela esinokuthi sikuqonde ngayo oko Izifundo zokuqala ezakhokelela kuphuhliso lwe-intanethi, Baqala ekupheleni kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, ngenxa yokhuphiswano olomeleleyo kunye nokhuphiswano olwenzeka kwimeko yeMfazwe ebandayo, phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu eUnited States neSoviet Union.
Ngamazwi ambalwa I-intanethi sisiphumo seprojekthi yezomkhosi, kuba amanyathelo ayo okuqala amiliselwa kwiminyaka yoo-60., ngenxa yesidingo sokuba i-United States yenze kuphela uthungelwano lolwazi lomkhosi, olunokuthi luvumele, kwimeko yokuhlaselwa kweRussia, ukufikelela kulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuphendula kubundlongondlongo naphi na elizweni.
Kwakunje, njengasemva inkqubela phambili kunye notshintsho koku, weza emhlabeni, ngo-1969, inethiwekhi eyaziwa njenge I-ARPANET, Inkqubo ebandakanya kuphela iikhompyuter ezine ezikwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe liphela. Impumelelo yeli linge ibinkulu kangangokuba kwiminyaka nje emibini kamva, bekusele kukho iikhompyuter ezingama-40 ezazinxibelelene, zisabelana ngolwazi oluvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesizwe.
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-TCP: umqolo womnatha wekhompyuter yanamhlanje
Kungekudala emva kokuba Unxibelelwano lokuqala lweekhompyuter, ezazikho kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States, kwafika inkqubela phambili entsha ngale ndlela, eyajika yaba sisiseko se ukukhula okubonakalayo kothungelwano lweekhompyuter, oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-TCP protocol.
IProtokholi yoLawulo loThutho, I-TCP (iProtokholi yoLawulo loThutho) yenziwe phakathi kowe-1973 nowe-1974 ngabaphandi uVint Cerf noRobert Kahn, kwaye ngokusisiseko inenethiwekhi yothutho lonxibelelwano oluninzi kunye nokuhamba kwedatha, oko kukuthi, ukuthumela nokudlulisa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezi.
Ukubaluleka kwale teknoloji kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba iqhubekile ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla njengoko indlela esisiseko yokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kweekhompyuter, ukuya kuthi ga kolu lwakhiwo luxhasa ezona zicelo zidumileyo kwi-Intanethi, kunye ne Iiprotokholi zesicelo se-HTTP, SMT, SSH kunye ne-FTP.
Ngamagama alula, sinokuthi le protocol isebenza njenge uyilo lwekhompyuter olusenza sikwazi ukuthumela nokuthumela idatha kuthungelwano olukhulu lolwazi lwehlabathi, olwenza ukuba ube ngumqolo we-intanethi.
Ukuzalwa kweWWW
Okulandelayo Uguquko olukhulu lwenethiwekhi yekhompyuter yehlabathi yayiza kuza kwiminyaka eliqela kamva, kude kube ngu-1983, xa iSebe lezoKhuselo lase-United States lagqiba ekubeni litshintshele kusetyenziso lwe- Umgaqo-nkqubo we-TCP / IP kwinethiwekhi yayo ebizwa ngokuba yiArpanet, ukudala njengesiphumo inethiwekhi entsha ebizwa Inethiwekhi yeArpa ye-Intanethi, ukuba kule minyaka idlulileyo yaziwa njenge "Intanethi" kuphela.
Ngo-1985, le yayiyitekhnoloji entsha esekwe ngokupheleleyo kwilizwe lekhompyuter, nangona yayisaziwa ziingcali kwicandelo. Inyathelo lokugqibela lokuba i-intanethi ekugqibeleni iqale ukufikelela kumakhaya ezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela iya kuba yile ukudala iWebhu eBanzi yeHlabathi, okwenzekileyo kwakamsinya emva koko.
Ngo-1990, uTim Berners weZiko laseYurophu loPhando lweNyukliya (CERN) wakhokelela kuphando kwi Inkqubo evumela ukugcinwa kwedatha kunye nokufunyanwa kwakhona. Umsebenzi wakhe wahlawulwa, edala ngo-1991 "iWebhu yeWebhu yeHlabathi" (WWW) esebenzisa izixhobo ezintathu zenoveli: I-HTML, i-TPP kunye nenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Web Browser.
Emva kokuvavanya ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yekhompyuter, yavulwa ukuba isetyenziswe nguwonkewonke ngo-1993, ngenjini yokukhangela yokuqala kwimbali, iWandex eyayisebenza njengesalathiso samaphepha ewebhu, ukusukela oko yaba yeyokuqala ukwenziwa, la maphepha angahlelwa kwaye ichongwa ngokulula.
Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba uTim Berners aqhele ukunxulunyaniswa notata weWebhu, isivakalisi esingaxakekisa kancinci, kuba sisusa ikhredithi kuzo zonke izifundo zangaphambili, ezenziwa ngabaphandi kunye nososayensi kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane XX, ke uTim Berners angaba nezixhobo ezamncedayo okanye ukubeka isitena sokugqibela kwi ulwakhiwo lokugqibela lwe-intanethi.
Intanethi namhlanje
I-Intanethi yayingeyiyo iprojekthi elula, kwaye khange ize kubomi bethu ngobusuku obunye, ukusukela ukuqala kwayo ukwakhiwa kwayo kokugqibela, yathatha phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane. Ukwazi ezi datha kusinika isikhokelo sokuba sinoxanduva ngakumbi kwesinye sezona zipho zibalaseleyo esinikwe bubukrelekrele bomntu. Kuxhomekeke kuthi ukusebenzisa eli krele lintlangothi-mbini ukuyiguqula ibe sesinye isixhobo senkonzo yethu kunye nophuhliso kwaye ingabi sisixhobo nje sokuzonwabisa esilula.