Wataƙila a wani lokaci a cikin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun muna yiwa kanmu wata tambaya wacce da sannu ko kuma daga baya zata zo cikin tunani. "Me rayuwata zata kasance ba tare da ci gaban fasahar da ake samu ba a yau?"
Yawancin lokaci yana da wahala a garemu mu tsaya yin tunani da tunani a kan waɗannan nau'ikan tunani, saboda mun zo duniyar da abubuwan da muke amfani da su a kowace rana sun kasance a can, kuma saboda wannan dalili al'ada ne cewa mun ɗauki dukkan abubuwan don ba. kayan aiki da kayan aiki waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa rayuwarmu fiye da yadda take ga kakanninmu.
Koyaya, lokacin da kuka tsaya yin tunani game da duk wannan fasahar da ba ta wanzu ba 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ko kuma a wa) annan abubuwan da aka kirkira ba tare da abin da wanzuwa ba za a iya tunani ba, to, lokacin da za mu iya fahimtar manyan fa'idodin da muke da su a kan al'ummomin da suka gabata, fa'idodin da ba mu ba da mahimmancin muhimmanci saboda kawai abubuwa ne da muke ɗauka da muhimmanci a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. , kuma Lokacin da karo na farko muka fahimci rashin su, saboda saboda kwatsam muka rasa su.
Misali, yanayi kamar yanke wutan lantarki, gazawa a cikin siginar waya ko gaskiyar rashin iskar gas ba zato ba tsammani, yanayi ne da kawai muke kokarin kaucewa ta kowane hali, saboda ba za mu iya sake tunanin rayuwa ba tare da wadancan abubuwan dadi ba, Amma idan yanayin wutar lantarki ko ruwan zafi ya faru kwatsam, hakan yana tuna mana hakan muna rayuwa ne a zamanin wadata abin da mutanen justan shekaru kaɗan da suka gabata ba su da shi.
Kasancewar intanet a rayuwarmu
Daidai daya daga cikin abubuwanda suka fi kawo sauyi cewa mutane da yawa suna ɗauka da muhimmanci a yau, wato, yana da matukar kyau a rayuwarmu ta yadda wani lokaci mutum yakan yi tunanin cewa da can yana nan, yanar gizo ce, wanda don yawancin ɓangarorin masu amfani da shi ya zama kusan ɗauke da jikin mutum.
Kuma wannan shine intanet ya canza rayuwarmu sosai cewa idan muka tsaya yin tunani game da asalinsa, ya zama ba zai yuwu ba mu gane cewa ga yawancinmu da muke amfani da wannan kayan aiki mai ban mamaki, mu ne ƙarni na farko na masu amfani waɗanda suka ga ya iso, ma'ana, ga yawancinmu , Ba mu ma san game da intanet ba a cikin ƙuruciyanmu mafi nisa, saboda kodayake yawancin samari a yau sun girma tare da amfani da wannan kayan aiki da kwamfutoci a rayuwarsu.
Wasu da yawa sun ga wannan ta iso sabon abu na fasaha lokacin da muke da wasu shekaru muna amfani da hanyoyin bincike na yau da kullun don samun ayyukan mako, kamar su monograph ɗin da aka yi amfani dasu sosai don yin taƙaitawar da suka tambaye mu a makaranta.
Yau, wannan ba matsala bane ga yaran yau, saboda sun riga sun mallaki babba wikipedia. Koyaya, ga manya da yawa na yanzu, abubuwa ba koyaushe suke da sauƙi ba, saboda idan muka yi la'akari da cewa Wurin yanar gizo na duniya an haife shi ne a 1991, watau kusan shekaru 27 kenan, wannan yana nufin cewa duk mutanen da suke da aƙalla fiye da shekaru 40 na rayuwa, ba su san intanet ba a cikin shekaru goma na farko kuma mai yiwuwa ba a na gaba ba, saboda lokacin da intanet an haife shi, har yanzu ya ɗauki fewan shekaru kafin ya zama babbar hanyar sadarwar duniya da muka sani a yau kuma muke amfani da ita yau da kullun, a matsayin muhimmin abu na iliminmu, rayuwar ƙwararru har ma a matsayin wani ɓangare na nishaɗinmu na yau da kullun.
Yanar gizo tana da kafaffen wuri a kowane bangare na rayuwarmu, amma yana da wahala garemu muyi tunani akan yadda zamu rayu idan muka rasa wannan kayan aikin shekaru 27 kwatsam. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yanzu zamu sake nazarin wannan Tarihin Intanet da kuma ci gaban da ta gabatar tsawon lokaci, don fahimtar tasirin da yake da shi a kanmu da kuma yin tunani kan yadda wannan ƙirar ta kasance, a matsayin juyin juya halin fasaha da al'adu a tarihin wayewar ɗan adam.
Tushen intanet
Daga abin da aka ambata a sama, tabbas mutane da yawa za su yi tunanin cewa yanar gizo ba ta fito daga ko'ina ba shekaru 27 da suka gabata, a cikin 1991. Koyaya, wannan kwanan wata ta dace da haihuwar ranar Wurin yanar gizo na duniya, wanda zamu iya fahimta azaman asalin asalin wanda wannan kayan aikin sadarwa na duniya ya ƙunsa.
Idan muna so mu koma ga gaskiya tarihi baya wanda ya bar tushe na ci gaban intanet, to dole ne mu ci gaba sosai a tarihin fasahar kere-kere. Wannan shine yadda zamu iya fahimtar hakan karatun farko wanda ya haifar da ci gaban intanet, Sun fara ne a karshen yakin duniya na biyu, sakamakon karfi da gasa da ya faru a yanayin yakin cacar baka, tsakanin manyan kasashen Amurka da Soviet Union.
A takaice Intanet sakamakon aikin soja ne, tunda aka fara kafa matakan farko a shekarun 60., saboda bukatar Amurka ta kirkiro wata hanyar sadarwar soja ta musamman, wanda zai ba da damar, a yayin da aka yi wani mummunan hari na Rasha, samun damar samun bayanan da suka dace don mayar da martani ga ta'addancin daga ko ina a cikin kasar.
Ya kasance kamar wannan, kamar yadda bayan ci gaba da yawa da gyare-gyare a wannan batun, ya zo duniya, a cikin 1969, cibiyar sadarwar da aka sani da KYAUTA, tsarin da ya kunshi kimanin kwamfutoci huɗu waɗanda ke cikin jami'o'i daban-daban a ƙasar. Nasarar wannan yunƙurin na da girman gaske wanda kawai bayan shekaru biyu, tuni akwai kwamfutoci 40 da suka haɗu da juna, suna musayar bayanai daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar.
Yarjejeniyar TCP: kashin bayan cibiyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta na yau
Jimawa kadan bayan haɗin haɗin komputa na farko, waɗanda suke cikin jami'o'i daban-daban a Amurka, sabon ci gaba a wannan ma'anar ya zo, wanda ya zama mai mahimmanci ga haɓaka haɓaka na hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta, abin da ake kira yarjejeniyar TCP.
Yarjejeniyar Kula da Watsawa, TCP (Tsarin Gudanar da Tsarin Gudanarwa) an ƙirƙira shi tsakanin 1973 da 1974 ta masu bincike Vint Cerf da Robert Kahn, kuma asali ya ƙunshi hanyar sadarwar sufuri na haɗi da yawa da kwararar bayanai, ma'ana, aikawa da turawa waɗannan cikin aminci.
Muhimmancin wannan fasaha ya ta'allaka ne da cewa yaci gaba har zuwa yau kamar yadda hanyar asali don musayar bayanai tsakanin kwamfutoci, har ya kasance wannan gine-ginen yana tallafawa shahararrun aikace-aikace akan Intanet, da HTTP, SMT, SSH da ladabin aikace-aikacen FTP.
A cikin sauƙi, zamu iya cewa wannan yarjejeniyar tana aiki kamar tsarin kwamfuta wanda ke ba mu damar aikawa da karɓar bayanai a cikin wata katafariyar hanyar sadarwa ta duniya, wanda ya sanya ta zama kashin bayan intanet.
Haihuwar WWW
Na gaba babban juyin halitta na cibiyar sadarwar komputa ta duniya zai zo shekaru da yawa daga baya, har zuwa 1983, lokacin da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta yanke shawarar canzawa zuwa amfani da TCP / IP ladabi a cikin nasa cibiyar sadarwar da ake kira Arpanet, ƙirƙirar sakamakon haka sabon cibiyar sadarwar da ake kira Cibiyar yanar gizo ta Arpa, cewa a tsawon shekaru zai zama sananne ne kawai da "Intanet".
Zuwa 1985, wannan sabuwar fasaha ce da aka kafu sosai a duniyar kwamfuta, kodayake ƙwararru ne kawai a cikin filin suka sani. Mataki na karshe ga intanet don fara fara isa gidajen miliyoyin mutane a duniya zai zama ƙirƙirar Yanar Gizon Duniya, wanda ya faru jim kadan bayan haka.
A cikin 1990, Tim Berners na Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Turai (CERN) ya jagoranci bincike kan tsarin da ke ba da damar adana bayanai da dawo da su. Aikinsa ya samu sakamako mai kyau, yana kirkirar “World Wide Web” a shekarar 1991 (WWW) ta amfani da kayan kida uku: HTML, TPP da shirin da ake kira Web Browser.
Bayan an gwada nasarar aikin cibiyar sadarwar komputa, sai aka buɗe ta don amfanin jama'a a cikin 1993, ta hanyar injin binciken farko a tarihi, Wandex wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mashigar shafukan yanar gizo, tunda kasancewarta farkon ƙirƙira, waɗannan shafukan za a iya daidaita su sauƙin ganewa.
Saboda wannan dalilin ne ake danganta Tim Berners a matsayin mahaifin Gidan yanar gizo, jumlar da wataƙila za a yi karin gishiri, tunda tana ɗauke da daraja ga duk binciken da ya gabata, wanda masu bincike da masana kimiyya suka gudanar a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XX, don haka Tim Berners na iya samun kayan aikin da suka taimaka masa ko sanya tubalin ƙarshe a cikin aikin ƙarshe na intanet.
Intanit a yau
Intanet ba aiki ne mai sauƙi ba, kuma bai shigo rayuwarmu dare daya ba, tun daga farkon tsarinsa har zuwa ginin sa na ƙarshe, ya ɗauki kusan rabin karni. Sanin waɗannan bayanan yana ba mu jagora don zama mafi ɗawainiyar ɗayan manyan kyaututtuka waɗanda ƙwarewar ɗan adam ta ba mu. Ya rage namu mu yi amfani da wannan takobi mai kaifi biyu mu maida shi wani kayan aikin hidimominmu da ci gabanmu ba kawai kayan aiki na shakatawa ba.